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Rules for cross-country skiing competitions. Basic types and rules of ski racing competitions Message on the topic of ski racing competition rules

Ski race- a winter Olympic sport in which athletes need to cover a certain distance on skis in a minimum time. Ski racing is divided into men's and women's.

The International Ski Federation (FIS) was founded in 1924 and unites national federations.

History of the origin and development of cross-country skiing (skiing)

Historians and dated to the 6th-7th century BC. written evidence suggests that the first skis appeared among northern hunters. The first skis were very similar to modern snowshoes.

Due to the harsh climate, the Norwegians showed the greatest interest in skiing. At the beginning of the 18th century, skiing was part of the compulsory training program for Norwegian troops. And at the end of the same century, the first cross-country skiing competitions took place.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the world's first ski community was created. A little later, the first ski club was opened in Finland, after which such clubs appeared in many countries in Europe, America and Asia. By the end of the century, cross-country skiing competitions began to be held in almost all countries of the world.

Ski racing first appeared at the 1924 Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix. Competitions for women appeared at the 1952 Olympic Games in Oslo.

Ski racing rules

The competition rules are approved by the International Ski Federation (“International Competition Rules”).

The following types of starts are used in competitions: separate, general, group and pursuit starts. Time trials usually use intervals of 30 seconds.

The starter gives a warning: “Attention” 10 seconds before the start. 5 seconds before the start, the countdown begins: “5…4…3…2…1”, followed by the starting signal “March”. During the race, athletes are not allowed to use any means of transportation other than skis and ski poles. Skiers must only follow the trail and pass all checkpoints.

Along the way, athletes can change one ski or poles. The change of skis is monitored by a panel of judges; before the start, all skis must be marked.

Finish times are recorded manually or electrically and are given in full seconds.

Cross-country skiing track

Cross-country skiing courses should be located in such a way that they best provide an opportunity to evaluate the technical, tactical and physical preparation of athletes. The level of difficulty must correspond to the level of competition. The main components of the cross-country skiing route:

One third of the course should consist of climbs ranging from 9% to 18% with a height difference of more than 10 meters, as well as several short climbs with a gradient of over 18%.
One third is hilly, rugged terrain consisting of short ascents and descents (with elevation differences ranging from 1 to 9 meters).
One third consists of a variety of descents requiring different descent techniques. The routes are used only in the direction established for the competition.

It is better if the track consists of several laps so that spectators can enjoy watching the competing athletes. At official competitions, the length of the distance ranges from 800 m to 50 km.

Skiing equipment

Skis are the main element of a skier's equipment. Skis are classic, skating and combined. Previously, when choosing skis, it was important skier's height, then now the length of the skis primarily depends on the weight. Each manufacturer has tables that indicate what length of skis corresponds to what weight.
Boots are special footwear designed for use with skis.
There are two binding systems - SNS and NNN, and ski boots are only suitable for one of them.
Ski poles are equipment used by skiers to maintain balance and accelerate movement when skiing.

Skiing styles

Skating style (free) - implies that the skier can independently choose the method by which he will move along the distance. This style is faster than the classic style.

Classic style is a type of movement in which the skier travels almost the entire distance on a prepared ski track. “Classical” ski moves are divided according to the method of pushing off with poles into alternating and simultaneous.

Main types of cross-country skiing

Time trial competitions are skiing competitions in which athletes start one after another at a certain interval. Typically the interval between starts is 30 seconds.
Mass start competition is a ski competition in which all athletes start at the same time.
Pursuit race or pursuit (English pursuit - pursuit) is a competition of several stages. Skiers run one stage in the classic style, and the other in the skating style. The position of skiers at all stages is determined by the results of previous stages.
A relay is a skiing competition in which teams of four compete. The ski relay consists of 4 stages. Relay races can be held in one style (all participants run their stages in the classical or free style) or in two styles (participants run stages 1 and 2 in the classic style, and stages 3 and 4 in the free style). The relay is transferred by touching the palm of any part of the body of the starting athlete of his team, while both athletes are in the relay transfer zone.
Sprint (individual and team).

Cross-country skiing competition

The Olympic Games are the most prestigious cross-country skiing competitions, held every 4 years.
The World Ski Championships are the second most prestigious cross-country skiing competition and are held every odd-numbered year.
The World Ski Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition organized by the International Ski Federation from October to March.

2016-06-30

Cross-country skiing is one of six sports (also figure skating, ski jumping, hockey, Nordic combined and speed skating) that have been included in the program of all Winter Olympic Games. Women's competitions have been held at the Games since 1952.

The main styles of skiing are classic and free. The classic style includes those types of movement in which the athlete passes almost the entire distance along a pre-prepared ski track, consisting of two parallel lines. Freestyle is essentially synonymous with skating.

In Vancouver, 12 sets of medals will be competed - six each for men and women - in the following disciplines: individual sprint, team sprint, individual race, duathlon (pursuit), mass start and relay race.

At the 2006 Games in Turin, the women's winners were Estonian Kristina Smigun (duathlon, individual race), Canadian Chandra Crawford (individual sprint), Slovakian Katerina Neumanova (mass start), the Swedish team (team sprint) and the Russian team (relay). Among the men, the victory was celebrated by Russian Evgeny Dementyev (duathlon), Estonian Anders Veerpalu (individual race), Swede Bjorn Lind (individual sprint), Italian Giorgio Di Centa (mass start), the Swedish team (team sprint) and the Italian team (relay).

In addition to two gold medals, the Russian team won two silvers in Turin (Yulia Chepalova in the mass start, Evgeny Dementyev in the mass start) and three bronzes (Evgenia Medvedeva in the duathlon, Alena Sidko in the individual sprint, Ivan Alypov and Vasily Rochev in the team sprint) .

At the 2010 Games in Vancouver, Russia received the maximum possible representation - 20 participants (maximum 12 of the same gender).

Women's sprint. Ekaterina Chuikova, Elena Turysheva, Evgenia Shapovalova.
Women, distance. Irina Khazova, Natalya Korosteleva, Evgenia Medvedeva, Olga Zavyalova, Olga Rocheva, Olga Shchuchkina.
Men's sprint. Nikita Kryukov, Nikolay Morilov, Alexey Petukhov, Alexander Panzhinsky, Mikhail Devyatyarov.
Men, distance. Alexander Legkov, Maxim Vylegzhanin, Petr Sedov, Nikolai Pankratov, Sergei Novikov, Sergei Shiryaev.

Individual race

It takes place over a distance of 10 km for women and 15 km for men. Athletes start one by one with an interval of 30 seconds. The one who shows the best time wins.

Mass start

Athletes start the race at the same time, with skiers with a higher rating taking more advantageous places at the start - on the first line. The distance is 30 km for women and 50 km for men. The first one to cross the finish line wins. In a mass start, the winner often has to be determined by a photo finish.

Duathlon (pursuit)

Athletes start at the same time (skiers with a higher rating take more advantageous places at the start). They cover the first part of the distance in the classic style, after which they change skis and run freestyle. The distance for women is 15 km (7.5 km classic style, 7.5 km free), for men 30 km (15 km classic style, 15 km free). The first one to cross the finish line wins.

Individual Sprint

First there is a qualifying round, during which athletes, starting at 15-second intervals, run one lap (1.5 km for women and men). The top 30 skiers advance to the quarterfinals. Starting from this stage, skiers set off for the distance from a common start - six people per race. 12 athletes advance to the semifinals - the best two from each quarter-final six, as well as the two skiers from all the remaining skiers who showed the best time. The selection for final A is carried out in a similar way, where the six best skiers get to. They play for medals among themselves. The first one to cross the finish line wins. In addition, Final B is held, in which places from 6th to 12th are played out.

Team sprint

A team consists of two athletes. During the race, they take turns replacing each other after each lap, for a total of six laps (three for each team member). One lap - 1.5 km . When passing the baton, the skier must touch his teammate without interfering with the passing of the baton from competitors. First, two semi-finals are held, following which the top five teams advance to the final. The team whose representative crosses the finish line first wins.

Relay race

The race takes place over a distance of 20 km for women (four laps of 5 km) and 40 km for men (four laps of 10 km). Teams consist of four people, each of whom runs one stage. In this case, the first and second stages must be completed in the classical style, and the third and fourth - free. All teams start at the same time. When passing the baton, the skier must touch his teammate without interfering with the passing of the baton from competitors. The team whose representative crosses the finish line first wins.

To complete tasks in this section, you must study the rules of cross-country skiing competitions, as well as use the theoretical information obtained in class.

Purpose: To study the rules of cross-country skiing competitions.

Topic 3.1. Documents regulating competitions

Task 1. Develop regulations on the ski holiday.

1. Purpose:__________________________________________________________

2. Tasks: ______________________________________________________________

3. Venue ________________________________________________

4. Date of holiday ___________________________________________________

5. Management of the holiday (it is necessary to indicate which organization provides general management, organization, and conduct of the holiday)__________________________________________________________

6. Participating organizations and participants of the holiday ___________________

7. Applications and admission to participate in the holiday (you must indicate how many days in advance to submit a preliminary application, where to send it, address)____________________________________________________________

8. Ensuring the safety of participants and spectators____________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Insurance and admission of participants_________________________________

Task 2. Develop a ski holiday scenario.

Name of the holiday _______________________________________________

Location __________________________________________________

Date of the holiday __________________________________________

Opening time of the holiday _________________________________________________

Competition start time __________________________________________

Time of the award ceremony, closing of the holiday__________

Compiled by student:_________________

Topic 3.2. Selection and preparation of a ski route

Task 1. Draw a diagram of the starting area markings according to the teacher’s instructions (individual start in 30 seconds, mass start, relay race, sprint).

Compiled by student:_________________

Topic 3.3. Organization and holding of cross-country skiing competitions

To complete this task, it is necessary to draw lots for students in the study group.

Task 1. Draw up a protocol for the start of cross-country skiing competitions according to the instructions of the teacher (individual strata in 30 seconds, mass start, relay race, sprint).

STARTING LIST FOR SKI RACING COMPETITIONS

_____________________________________________________________________

(name of competition)

Venue Date

The start of the competition is ______ hour. ________ min.

Participant's starting number	Last name, first name	Year of birth	Sports qualification	Territory, FSO	Time strat	Exit mark from the start
1.
2.
3.

Compiled by student:_________________

Grade _________________________

Task 2. Draw up a protocol of the official results of cross-country skiing competitions for your training group.

OFFICIAL RESULTS OF SKI RACING COMPETITIONS

Venue Date

Group of participants Distance km Style

The start of the competition is ____hour. ________min. Characteristics of the route:

The end of the competition is ______hour. ________min altitude difference

Air temperature at the beginning of the race maximum rise

Air temperature at the end of the race is the sum of the elevation changes

Started:__________ Didn’t finish the distance _________

Finished the distance _____________ Did not start _______________

Compiled by student:_________________

Grade _________________________

Task 3. Make a list of violations of the rules of cross-country skiing competitions.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Compiled by student:_________________

Grade _________________________

1. Antonova, O.N. Ski training: Teaching methods: textbook. aid for students avg. ped. textbook establishments / O.N. Antonova, V.S. Kuznetsov. – M.: ACEDEMA, 1999. –208 p.

2. Brown, N. Preparation of skis. Complete Guide / N. Brown. Per. from English A. Nemtsov. – Murmansk: 2004. – 168 p.

3. Butin, I.M. Skiing: textbook. for students education institutions prof. education / I.M. Butin. – M.: VLADOS-PRESS, 2003. – 192 p.

4. Skiing: a textbook for institutes of physical culture / ed. M.A. Agranovsky. – M.: Physical culture and sport, 1980. – 368 p.

5. Manzhosov, V.N. Skiing: a textbook for universities / V.N. Manzhosov, I.G. Ogoltsov, G.A. Smirnov. – M.: Higher School, 1979. – 151 p.

6. Manzhosov, V.N. Training of cross-country skiers: essays on theory and methodology / V.N. Manzhosov. – M.: Physical culture and sport, 1986. – 96 p.

7. Rules for cross-country skiing competitions. – Minsk: Printing Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 2008. – 100 p.

8. Ramenskaya, T.I. Young skier: a popular educational book about long-term training of ski racers / T.I. Ramenskaya - M.: SportAcademPress, 2004. - 204 p.

9. www.fis-ski.com.

EXPLANATORY NOTE. . . . . . . 3

SECTION I. METHOD OF TRAINING SKIERS-RACERS

IN SNOWLESS TIMES OF YEAR

Topic 1.1. Classification of exercises for cross-country skiers. . . 4

Topic 1.2. Methods of teaching skiing techniques. . 9

SECTION II. METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL

QUALITIES OF A SKIER RACER

Topic 2.1. Means and methods of developing strength. . . . . 19

Topic 2.2. Means and methods for developing speed. . . . 20

Topic 2.3. Means and methods for developing endurance. . . . 21

Topic 2.4. Means and methods for developing coordination abilities. 22

SECTION III. Rules for cross-country skiing competitions

Topic 3.1. Documents regulating the holding of competitions. 25

Topic 3.2. Selection and preparation of a ski route. . . . . 28

Topic 3.3. Organization and holding of cross-country skiing competitions. 29

Additions to the Rules of Skiing Competitions 2001-2005. adopted taking into account recent changes in the rules of FIS ski competitions. The work on the additions was carried out with the participation of the editorial group consisting of: Shchelkanov N.A., Batalov A.G., Bukotkin V.B., Kubeev A.V., Oganesyan A.A., Belomestnov I.V., Bagin N. .A., Kadykov G.V., Ivanov V.A., Ivanov O.A., Sokovikov S.S.

Current Rules for cross-country skiing competitions 2001-2005. and the amendments adopted to them are a single official document prescribing the procedure for organizing and regulating cross-country skiing competitions held on the territory of the Russian Federation during the upcoming 2005-2006 ski season.

1.1.1. Classification of international competitions FIS (Federation Internationale de Ski - International Ski Federation): Winter Olympic Games, FIS World Championships and FIS Junior World Championships, FIS World Cup, FIS Continental Cups, FIS International Competitions (FIS Races), competitions with a specific contingent of participants and /or qualification, competitions involving non-FIS organizations.

1.1.2. FIS competitions organized on the territory of the Russian Federation are held according to the rules and regulations of the FIS.

9.1. Table of distances and track lengths

Race format	Distance length (km)	Route length
	5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30, 50	2.5, 3.3, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 16.7
Mass start competition		2.5, 3.3, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10
Mass competitions	No limits	No limits
Pursuit racing		2.5, 3.3, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10
Relay races (3-4 members per team, maybe different genders)		2.5, 3.3, 3.75, 5
Individual sprint (men)
Individual sprint (women)
Team sprint (men)	2х(3-6) 1 - 1.4
Team sprint (women)	2x(3-6) 0.8 - 1.2

This table is valid for multi-lap races, but if a short course with more laps is selected, the total distance, start format and track width may be revised.

Individual sprint competitions may take place over one or more laps. Team sprint competitions usually take place on one lap.

9.2.2. At the OWG and World Championships the competition program is as follows:

Time trial competitions	m: 15 km class/sv	w: 10 km cl/sv
Competitions with general start (mass start)	m: 50 km class/sv	w: 30 km cl/sv
Pursuit races (without break)	m: 15 km class + 15 km St.	f: 7.5 km class + 7.5 km north
Relay races	m: 4 x 10 km class/sv	w: 4 x 5 km cl/sv
Individual Sprints	m: 1.0 - 1.4 km class/sv	w: 0.8 - 1.2 km cl/sv
Team sprints (a team consists of two athletes from the same country)	m: 1.0 - 1.4 km class/sv	w: 0.8 - 1.2 km cl/sv

9.2.2.2. The pursuit race is held without a break, one set of medals is played out, the order of styles is as follows: first - classic, then - free. Competitions in relay races are held using the classical style in the first two stages, and free style in the subsequent stages. Sprint competitions are always held in free style and, finally, competitions at distances of 10 km for women and 15 km for men are always held in classical style.

9.2.3.1. The World Cup season program is determined annually by FIS and is based on the competitions listed above. Distances and styles are determined annually. In order to further develop skiing, the World Cup competition program may include trial disciplines. Long distance competitions may also be included. In the team sprint, each country can be represented by a maximum of 2 teams. Pursuit competitions can be held on the same day or on different days, with varying styles at both the same and different distances.

9.2.4. Junior and youth (under 23 years old) PM.

9.2.4.1. At the World Junior Championships the competition program is as follows:

9.2.4.2. The technique (style) of time trial competitions and sprints alternates every year.

11.2.2. Lift table

Route length	Main climbs (A) Angle 9 -18% Average 6-12%		Short climbs (B) Angle 9 -18%	Steep grades (C) Angle 18%; PHD up to 10 m
		placement







15 km and 16.6 km

11.4.2.1.Width of tracks

The width of the tracks must correspond to the table below from the “homology instructions”.

Category	Type of competition
A	individual classic technique (minimum width 3 meters)
IN	the same as A + individual free technique, relay race - classic technique (width on lifts 4 meters)
WITH	the same as B + relay free technique, mass start classic technique, sprint classic technique (width on climbs 6 meters)
D	the same as C + relay both techniques, mass start free technique, sprint free technique (width on the rise 9 meters)
E	pursuit race (without a break): 2 separate tracks are required, 1 for the classic technique of category C, the second for the free technique of category D. If both courses satisfy the conditions of category D, then both courses can be considered as one mass start course. The length of these routes can be 2.5 km, 3.3 km and 5 km.

Width requirements are taken into account when measuring to prepare the course and its fencing for the competition.

11.4.3. The distance for the pursuit race without a break must take place on two separate tracks for the classic and free style and have homologation category E.

13.2.5.2. addition :

Organizers of Category 1 competitions must prepare the course with heavy equipment.

14.1.1. Completely removed.

16.1.2. addition :

The transit area must not pass through the start or finish area.

16.1.10. For the computer timing group, a separate room is provided with an indoor temperature of at least +10.

17.1.1. Dividing participants into groups by age and gender:

Girls and boys of younger age up to 14 up to 3-5

Girls and boys of middle age 15 - 16 to 10-15

Girls and older boys 17 - 18 to 15-20

Juniors and juniors 19 - 20 to 30-50

Youth 21 - 23 Any distances

Women and men of general age 24 and older Any distance

18.1.10. Participation in competitions of the 1st category is carried out only if there is an agreement (original) on insurance: accidents, life and health, which is submitted to the credentials committee. Insurance of competition participants is carried out at the expense of the organizations sending them within the framework of the current legislation of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

19.1.1. At all-Russian competitions with a limited number of participants, teams after the draw are allowed to make a replacement participant only if the athlete who participated in the draw cannot start for a good reason (injury, illness, confirmed by a doctor, etc.), and the jury has given permission to replace it from among the spare ones. If the withdrawing athlete is selected for doping control, he is required to undergo it, as is the athlete who replaced him. If the withdrawn athlete's test results are positive, replacement is not allowed.

In mass start competitions, substitutions are possible no later than 2 hours before the start. However, in this case the athlete loses his starting place and starts at the end, from the last starting line.

In time trial competitions, substitution is possible, but the starting position is determined by the Jury. In this case, the athlete loses the starting position of the eliminated athlete. Late participants are not allowed to start.

22.1.4. During the official warm-up on competition day, athletes must wear their bib numbers.

23.2.11. In pursuit races, mass starts, and team sprints in FLGR competitions, athletes or teams that are a lap behind must stop competing. In the team sprint and relay, teams will be qualified in the final standings (not counting time) according to the position they held on the course before withdrawal. In other competitions the athlete will be disqualified.

26.2.4. When using electronic equipment, a competitor may start at any time between three seconds before and three seconds after the start signal. If he starts before the three second interval before the start signal, this is a false start, in which case the athlete returns back, after which he must cross the extension of the starting line located outside the electronic starting gate. If he starts later than within the three-second interval, his starting time is credited according to the starting protocol.

26.4.9. Pursuit race without a break.

26.4.9.1. A pursuit race without a break consists of a first part with a mass start, followed by a change of skis in a special box in the stadium without a break, and the second part begins. Each part uses its own technique.

26.4.9.2. A handicap starting system (arrow >>>) must be used.

At all-Russian competitions, the starting position of athletes is determined in accordance with the distance RUS points in the list of RUS points valid on the day of the competition. In other competitions, starting positions may be determined by group or general draw.

26.4.9.3. Skis for classic and free style must be marked before the start.

26.4.9.4. Freestyle equipment must be placed in the appropriate box before the start of the mass start. It is prohibited to leave clothes in the pits during the race.

26.4.9.5. Box for changing skis: length 2 m - 2.5 m; width 1.2 - 1.5 m, height 30-40 cm.

26.4.9.6. The width of the entry into the pit area must be at least 4 m, the width of the exit must be at least 6 m.

26.4.9.7. Overtaking in the pit entry area is permitted only on the far side of the pit.

26.4.9.8. Skis must be replaced. It is possible to replace boots and poles. Equipment is replaced by the athlete himself, without outside help, only inside his box. Replaced equipment must be left in the box until the athlete finishes the competition.

26.4.9.9. Coaches and service personnel must leave the pit area to change skis no later than 5 minutes before the start.

26.4.9.10. The entry of lagging athletes into the second round is closed immediately after the finish of the first athlete. For those who are late for the lap, the rule in clause 23.2.11 applies.

26.4.9.11. Intermediate results in the race are recorded at the time of entry and exit from the equipment replacement area (pit stop results). A sample of the results of the pursuit competition without a break (duathlon) is presented in Application?

26.5.1. addition

At all-Russian competitions of the 1st category, the starting order of qualification is determined in accordance with the sprint RUS points in the list of RUS points valid on the day of the competition. For those athletes who do not have sprint RUS points on the day of the sprint, a draw must be held.

If the qualifying times match, then the athletes qualifying for the quarterfinals will be placed according to their sprint RUS points. Athletes with the same qualifying time who did not qualify for the final will take the same places.

26.5.2.1. The starting order of heats in the quarter-finals is determined according to the placings in the qualifying round. In tables ( new tables, 2005) shows an example of the distribution of athletes by race.

Table A. Quarter-finals - 5 heats of 6 participants (maximum 30 participants)

Distribution by race
Number of participants from 1 to 20



Quantity from 21 to 25
Quantity from 26 to 30

Semi-finals (10 points)	Finals (4 + 4 parts)
	Final "B"	Final "A"
Ch1-1 place	P1-3 place

Table B. Quarter-finals - 4 heats of 6 participants (maximum 24 participants)

Distribution by race
Number of participants from 1 to 16

26.5.2.2. A second false start in the same race (by any athlete) means that the athlete who committed it must stop participating in the competition. This athlete is awarded the last place in the given final, quarter-final or semi-final.

26.5.2.3. In each race, the athlete must complete the entire course after starting to qualify for that race, otherwise he will be awarded last place among all qualified finalists.

26.5.2.4. If a competitor does not complete a race due to force majeure, he will receive the last place in that race.

26.5.2.5. If an athlete does not advance to the next round due to a collision, and the athlete who is at fault for the collision is disqualified, then the injured athlete will be allowed to compete in the next round. In this case, the athlete starts from the second line, behind, at a distance of 6 m. This rule only applies in cases where the collision was intentional

26.5.2.6. In cases of initiation of a collision, it is possible to remove the athlete from the competition (in this case the athlete is awarded the last place in this race) with the issuance of a warning in writing.

26.5.2.7. Due to the strict time schedule of consecutive qualifying rounds, protests during the quarter-finals and semi-finals will not be considered. Protests will be considered after the finals (as is customary in other competitions).

31.1.1. The system for calculating RUS points was developed in accordance with the Rules and regulations for calculating RUS points, approved by the FLGR.

32.2.1. addition:

If in the finishing area an athlete catches up with the one in front and moves to the next ski track, he interferes with the racer walking along this ski track.

32.2.1.1. An athlete is disqualified only if his mistake resulted in an improvement in his final result.

A maximum of 20 teams may participate in the semi-final heat or final.

33.7.4.1. At competitions of the 1st category, additional applications and re-entries after the draw are not accepted. At other competitions, the jury makes decisions regarding additional entries and re-entries.

33.12. Team Sprint Competition Guidelines

33.12.1. Team composition. The team sprint is carried out as a relay race with two athletes who take turns replacing each other, running 3-6 laps of the track each. The number and length of laps must be published in the official regulations.

33.12.1.1. In a team sprint, semi-final rounds can be used to qualify teams for the final. The structure of the semi-finals and finals of the team sprint is based on the same principles and standards as the individual sprint. A maximum of 20 teams may participate in the semi-final heat or final.

33.12.2. Starting order. At All-Russian competitions of the 1st category, the team with the least amount of sprint RUS points starts number one, the team with the next lowest number of sprint RUS points starts second, and so on. If several teams have an equal number of sprint RUS points, the team that includes athletes with the fewest sprint RUS points starts first. If the starting order is immaterial, it is determined by a draw.

33.12.3. Changes in the team composition can be made no later than two hours before the start. However, in this case the team loses its starting place and starts from the end of the court. If more than one team is to start from the end of the court, they will be placed in the original starting order. The original starting positions will be left empty.

33.12.4.1. Protests during the semi-finals will not be considered. Protests will be considered after the finals.

APPLICATION

Recommended samples of competition results reports for all-Russian competitions of the 1st category:
1) time trial competitions;
2) competitions with mass start;
3) individual sprint;
4) team sprint;
5) pursuit race without a break;
6) relay race.

The competition rules are approved by the International Ski Racing Association. Tournament organizers have the right to determine suitable disciplines and make other amendments that do not contradict the basic rules.

Route requirements

A cross-country skiing track is a specially defined area of terrain that is prepared accordingly and has a width of three or more meters, which allows the passage of special equipment for compacting snow and laying ski tracks.

As the official rules state, cross-country skiing is held on tracks that for this sport must be located in such a way that there is an objective possibility of assessing the technical, tactical and speed training of skiers.

The difficulty coefficient of the competition should be selected depending on the level of competition, age category and skill of the participants.

The route has turns, descents, ascents, sections passing through the forest, as well as other features to avoid monotony. All natural obstacles should be in harmony on the track and not disrupt the overall rhythm of the race.

Downhill areas are arranged so that skiers can overtake, and athletes with different speeds can pass through sections without interfering with each other.

Starting position

In the sport in question, several types of starts are used:

Personal (at 30 second intervals);
Group;
General.

The procedure for notifying the start of the start is as follows:

The start judge gives the command “Attention” 10 seconds before;
After 5 seconds it starts counting down;
At its end, the command “Start” or “March” follows;
In the case of electronic timing, a signal sounds synchronously with the start command;
The clock counting the starting seconds must be placed in good visibility for the athletes.

The skier should position himself at the starting position as follows:

The skier’s feet are in front of the starting line, the participant himself remains motionless until the “March” command;
The poles are installed statically in front of the starting line.

In case of a false start and the time is counted manually, the skier who was at fault returns to his place, the countdown begins again, and the start time is considered to be the data specified in the protocol.

Fixing the start time by electronic means allows the athlete to start within three seconds before and after the signal. An earlier movement is considered a false start. The skier returns to the starting position, crosses the line located behind the electronic gate and tries again. If a late start occurs three seconds after the signal, the time is recorded in a protocol manner. A participant who delays his own start does not have the right to match time with other athletes.

If the jury's opinion is that the start violation was influenced by uncontrollable forces, the actual starting time may be counted.

The general start is the position from which the highest ranked athlete leaves first. The remaining participants start in descending order of ranking positions.

Finish Features

The front of the skier's foot crossing the finish line determines the time to complete the distance.

The electronic timing system records the finish when the contact of the electronic chronometer is interrupted. The photocell should be placed 250 mm above the snow level.

Most cross-country skiing events use a photo finish. It consists of a pair of video cameras, one of which is located at the edge of the finish line, the second is placed at a certain angle in front of the participant. Sometimes an additional camera is used to record the finishing numbers of athletes. This approach helps to avoid misunderstandings in the event that several athletes finish the race almost simultaneously.

If several skiers cross the finish line with photo recording synchronously, the time is determined in the sequence in which the feet of the participants' front legs overcome the vertical line of the finish line, the width of which should not be more than 100 mm.

Walking the distance

The rules of cross-country skiing stipulate that when covering a distance, a skier is prohibited from using other devices for movement, except skis and poles.

The athlete must adhere to the intended route and go through all checkpoints. A skier is prohibited from shortening the race distance by taking shortcuts. You must not enter the middle of the turning arc if there are such markings at the turns of the route.

If marking of skis is provided, the entire route must be covered with equipment under one marking (changing skis is prohibited).

It is prohibited to accompany an athlete from the front, behind or from the side as he passes the course.

A skier who violates the rules while covering a distance is removed from that particular course. It is unacceptable for an athlete to receive any assistance not provided for by the current rules.

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